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Haw wars
The Haw Wars ((タイ語:สงครามปราบฮ่อ)), so called in Thai, were fought against Chinese quasi-military forces invading parts of Tonkin and Siam during the years of 1865 to 1890. Forces invading Lao domains were particularly ill-disciplined and freely plundered Buddhist temples. Not knowing these were remnants of the aftermath of the Taiping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan, a heterodox Christian convert, the invaders were confused with Chinese Muslims from Yunnan called ''Haw'' (Lao: ຮໍ່; Thai: ฮ่อ; RTGS: ''Ho''; Mandarin Chinese: ''Hui''. Forces sent by King Rama V failed to suppress the various groups, the last of which eventually disbanded in 1890.
==Invasion of the flags==
During the latter half of the 19th century, bands of Chinese warriors known as 'Flag Gangs' ravaged large areas of northern Laos. Outlaws and freebooters, the Flag Gangs were fleeing the suppression of the Taiping rebellion in China. Tonkin (now northern Vietnam) was invaded first, when units of the 'Black Flags' and the rival 'Yellow Flags' crossed the China-Vietnam frontier in 1865 and set up bases in the upper reaches of the Red River Valley.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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